Uma ngabe i-Samsung imemezele maphakathi no-2019 ukuthi izokwethula ubuchwepheshe bayo be- "wrap-pota-gate (GAA)" ngonyaka ka-2021 ukuze buyisele ubuchwepheshe be-FinFET transistor technology, iFininFET isengathula; kuze kube namuhla, i-Intel ithe inqubo yayo ye-5nm izoshiya i-FinFET bese ishintshela eGAA, Sekuvele kunezimpawu zokuguqula iminyaka. Iziqhwaga ezintathu ezinkulu sezivele zikhethe i-GAA. Yize umugqa wesifunda we-TSMC njengomholi wokutholwa “ungashukumi”, kubonakala ngathi akukho ukungabaza. Ngabe iFinFET isemaphethelweni womlando ngempela?
Inkazimulo kaFinFET
Ngemuva kwakho konke, lapho i-FinFET ikhishwa ngokuthi "umsindisi", kwakuphethe "ukuthunywa" okubalulekile koMthetho kaMoore wokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka.
Ngokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe benqubo, ukwenziwa kwama-transistors kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe. I-flip-flop yesekethe yokuqala ngo-1958 yakhiwa ngama-transistors amabili kuphela, kanti namuhla i-chip isivele iqukethe ama-transistors angaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane. Lo mfutho wezisusa uvela ekuqhubekeni phambili kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ama-silicon efulethini ngaphansi komyalo woMthetho kaMore.
Lapho ubude besango busondela kumaki wama-20nm, amandla okulawula amanani wamanje ehla kakhulu, futhi isilinganiso sokuvuza sikhuphuka ngokufanele. Isakhiwo sendabuko seplanethi ye-MOSFET kubonakala ngathi sisekupheleni. USolwazi Zhengming Hu ovela embonini uhlongoze izisombululo ezimbili: enye yiFinFET transistor enezinhlaka ezintathu, kanti enye ubuchwepheshe be-FD-SOI transistor obususelwa kubuchwepheshe be-SOI ultra-thin silicon-on-insulator.
AbakwaFinFET neFD-SOI bavumela umthetho kaMoore ukuthi uqhubeke nale ndondo, kepha bobabili bathathe izindlela ezihlukile ngemuva kwalokho. Inqubo ye-FinFET ibeka uhlu kuqala. I-Intel yaqala ukwethula ubuchwepheshe bokuhweba inqubo ye-FinFET ngonyaka ka-2011, okuthuthuke kakhulu ukusebenza nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. I-TSMC iphinde yathola impumelelo enkulu nobuchwepheshe beFinFET. Kamuva, i-FinFET isiphenduke indlela ebanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhetha kwe "Fuji" kweYuanchang.
Ngokuphambene, inqubo ye-FD-SOI ibonakala sengathi yayihlala emthunzini wamaFinFETs. Yize inqubo yokuvuza kwenqubo yayo iphansi futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla kunezinzuzo, ama-chips akhiqizwayo anezicelo ku-Intanethi Yezinto, izimoto, ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi, abathengi nezinye izinkambu, kanye namandla ezikhulu njenge-Samsung, GF, IBM, ST, njll. Ukushushuluza kuvule izwe emakethe. Kodwa-ke, izingcweti zemboni ziveze ukuthi ngenxa yezindleko zayo eziphansi zokwakha, kunzima ukwenza usayizi omncane njengoba unyukela phezulu, futhi izinga eliphakeme lide laya ku-12nm, okunzima ukuqhubeka kulo ngokuzayo.
Yize abakwaFinFET behola phambili kulo mncintiswano "wokukhetha okukabili", nokusetshenziswa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto, ubuhlakani bokushayela nokushayela ngobuhlakani, kulethe izinselelo ezintsha kuma-ICs, ikakhulukazi izindleko zokwenziwa nezamaR & D zamaFFFET ziya ngokuya ziphakama. I-5nm isengathuthuka kakhulu, kepha ukuhamba komlando wenqubo kubonakala kumiselwe "ukuguquka" futhi.
Kungani GAA?
Njengoba i-Samsung ihola, futhi ilandela i-Intel, i-GAA isiphenduke umdlandla wokuthatha izintambo ku-FinFET.
Umehluko ovela eFinFET ukuthi kukhona amasango azungeze izinhlangothi ezine zesiteshi sokuklama seGAA, anciphisa ivolumu yokuvuza futhi ithuthukise ukulawula kwesiteshi. Lesi isinyathelo sokuqala lapho sinciphisa izinqubo ezilandelwayo. Ngokusebenzisa ukwakheka okuhle kwe-transistor, kuhlanganiswe nama-node amancane, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okungcono kungatholakala.
Abadala baphinde bathi amandla e-kinetic we-process node ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Lapho inqubo yokuqhubekela phambili yathuthukiselwa ku-3nm, umnotho we-FinFET awusenamandla futhi uzoguqukela ku-GAA.
AbakwaSamsung banethemba lokuthi ubuchwepheshe be-GAA bungathuthukisa ukusebenza ngama-35%, banciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-50%, nendawo ye-chip ngo-45% uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-7nm. Kubikwa ukuthi iqembu lokuqala lamakhompiyutha e-3nm Samsung afakwe lobu buchwepheshe azoqala ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi ngo-2021, bese kuthi ama-chips amaningi afunekayo njengama-processor wehluzo kanye ne-data Center AI chips azokhiqizwa ngo-2022.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-GAA futhi bunemizila eminingana ehlukile, futhi imininingwane yesikhathi esizayo idinga ukuqinisekiswa eminye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudukela eGAA ngokungangabazeki kufaka ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Abangaphakathi bezimboni baveza ukuthi lokhu kubeka phambili izidingo ezihlukile zemishini. Kubikwa ukuthi abanye abakhiqizi bemishini sebevele beqamba imishini ekhethekile yokubhinca kanye namafilimu abancane.
Xinhua Intaba enkembeni?
Emakethe yaseFinFET, i-TSMC ivelele, kanti abakwaSamsung ne-Intel bathwele kanzima ukubamba iqhaza. Manje kubukeka sengathi i-GAA isivele ikulayini. Umbuzo uwukuthi, kuzokwenzekani ngokuxinana kwemibuso “emithathu”?
Ngokwesimo se-Samsung, i-Samsung ikholelwa ukuthi ukubheja kobuchwepheshe be-GAA kungonyaka owodwa noma emibili ngaphambi kwezimbangi zayo, futhi izolala phansi futhi iqhubeke nokusebenzisa inzuzo yayo yokuqala kulo mkhakha.
Kepha i-Intel futhi inesifiso sokuvelela, ihlose ukubuyisa ubuholi eGAA. U-Intel umemezele ukuthi uzokwethula ubuchwepheshe be-7nm inqubo ngo-2021 kanti uzothuthukisa i-5nm ngokususelwa kwinqubo ye-7nm. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imboni izobona inqubo yayo ye-5nm "umthamo weqiniso" ngokushesha ngo-2023.
Yize i-Samsung ihola phambili kubuchwepheshe be-GAA, becinga amandla e-Intel kubuchwepheshe bezinqubo, ukusebenza kwayo kwenqubo ye-GAA kuthuthukile noma kwacaca kakhulu, futhi i-Intel kufanele izibambe futhi ingabe isalandela umgwaqo "we-Long March" wenqubo ye-10nm.
Esikhathini esedlule, i-TSMC ibiphansi kakhulu-okhiye futhi beqaphele. Yize i-TSMC imemezele ukuthi inqubo ye-5nm yokukhiqizwa kwesisindo ngo-2020 isasebenzisa inqubo ye-FinFET, kulindeleke ukuthi inqubo yayo ye-3nm izothuthukiswa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi ngonyaka ka-2023 noma ngo-2022. Inqubo. Ngokusho kweziphathimandla ze-TSMC, imininingwane ye-3nm yayo izomenyezelwa eNorth American Technology Forum ngo-Ephreli 29. Ngaleso sikhathi, hlobo luni lwamaqhinga i-TSMC ezohlinzeka ngayo?
Impi ye-GAA isivele isiqalile.